Methanol (Methanol, dried,CH3OH) system structure is the simplest saturated mono alcohol, CAS number 67-56-1, 170082-17-4, molecular weight 32.04, boiling point 64.7ºC. Also known as "wood alcohol" or "wood essence". It's a colorless, alcohol-smelling, volatile liquid. The lowest dose of oral poisoning in humans is about 100mg/kg body weight, and oral ingestion can be fatal by 0.3 ~ 1g/kg. It is used in the manufacture of formaldehyde and pesticides, and is used as an extractant of organic matter and a denaturant of alcohol. It is usually produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen.
Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open fire, high heat energy causes combustion and explosion. Chemical reaction or combustion in contact with oxidant. In a fire, heated containers are in danger of exploding. It can spread to a considerable distance at a lower level, and will lead to a return fire in the event of an open flame. Combustion breaks down carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Basic application
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1. One of the basic organic raw materials. Mainly used in the manufacture of formaldehyde, acetic acid, chloromethane, methylamine and dimethyl sulfate and other organic products;
2. Used as a solvent for coatings, varnishes, shellac, ink, adhesives, dyes, alkaloids, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, etc.
3. It is the raw material for manufacturing pesticide, medicine, plastic, synthetic fiber and organic chemical products such as formaldehyde, methylamine, chloromethane, dimethyl sulfate and so on. Other used as automotive antifreeze, metal surface cleaning agent and alcohol denaturing agent;
4. It is an important fuel and can be mixed with gasoline as an alternative fuel. Since the 1980s, methanol has been used in the production of gasoline octane additive methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol gasoline, methanol fuel, and methanol protein, which has greatly promoted the development of methanol production and market demand. Methanol has been used as a fuel additive for F1 racing cars, and is also widely used in methanol fuel cells.
5. Used as analytical reagent, such as solvent, methylation reagent, chromatographic analysis reagent. Also used in organic synthesis;
6. Methanol is a cleaning agent, MOS level is mainly used for discrete devices, medium and large-scale integrated circuits, BV- level is mainly used for very large scale integrated circuit technology.
Use of methanol
Methanol is widely used as a basic organic chemical raw material and high quality fuel. Mainly used in fine chemicals, plastics and other fields, used to produce formaldehyde, acetic acid, chloromethane, methylamine, dimethyl sulfide and other organic products, is also one of the important raw materials of pesticides, medicine. Methanol can be used as a new type of clean fuel after deep processing, and it can also be mixed with gasoline. Methanol reacts with ammonia to produce monomethylamine.
Methanol source
Methanol can be produced from coal, especially from low-quality high-sulfur coal and coke oven gas recovery. It can also be extracted from biomass (such as forest trees, organic waste, etc.). Methanol production is a mature industry in China's chemical industry, the production process is simple, investment and production cost are low. In 2012, China's annual methanol capacity was 50.74 million tons, and the annual output was about 26.4 million tons, with serious overcapacity. A new plant with an annual output of 600,000 tons, an investment of about 2 billion yuan, its production process route and equipment can be fully based on the domestic, and has independent intellectual property rights.
Production method
Almost all methanol is synthesized by carbon monoxide pressurized catalytic hydrogenation in industry. The process includes gas production, synthetic purification, methanol synthesis and crude methanol rectification. The purification process for crude methanol includes distillation and chemical treatment. Chemical treatment mainly uses alkali to destroy impurities that are difficult to separate in the rectification process and adjust pH; Rectification is mainly to remove volatile components such as dimethyl ether, as well as less volatile components such as ethanol, high-carbon alcohol and water. The purity after crude distillation can generally reach more than 98%.)
The water content of industrial methanol was reduced to less than 0.01% by distillation. The acetone can be removed by treatment with sodium hypoiodate. Purified methanol was obtained by distillation.
Generally, industrial methanol is used as raw material, often pressure distillation to remove water, control the top of the tower 64 ~ 65ºC, filter to remove insoluble matter;
It can also be separated from the coke wood acid obtained during the distillation of wood;
Methanol is mainly prepared by distillation process. Using industrial methanol as raw material, high purity methanol products were obtained through rectification, ultra-clean filtration and ultra-clean packaging.
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