Morpholine, molecular formula C4H9NO, or O(CH2CH2)2NH. Also known as morphin, it is a colorless oily liquid at room temperature. Melting point -4.76ºC, boiling point 128.3ºC. Density 1.0005g/cm3(20ºC). Refractive index 1.4548. Flash point 38ºC (open cup). Miscible with water, acetone, benzene, ether, alcohol, ethylene glycol, linseed oil, turpentine oil, castor oil. It has a hygroscopic and ammonia odor. It can be prepared from diethanolamine by cyclization with sulfuric acid dehydration. In industry, it is mainly prepared from diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and catalyst. Mainly used in rubber vulcanization accelerator, but also used in the synthesis of surfactants, textile printing and dyeing AIDS, medicine and pesticides. It is also used as a metal corrosion inhibitor and rust inhibitor. It is also a solvent for dyes, resins, waxes, shellac, casein, etc.
It is a strong base, mainly used as a solvent for dyes, resins and waxes, and can also be used as an emulsifier. This heterocyclic compound belongs to both amines and ethers, and the secondary amine nitrogen atom makes morpholine basic. Morpholine can react with hydrochloric acid to form morpholine hydrochloride.
Basic information
Chinese alias morpholine; 1, 4-oxazecyclohexane; Tetrahydro-1, 4-oxazine; 1, 4-oxazane
The English name Morpholine
English alias 1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane; Tetrahydro - 2 h - 1, 4 - oxazine; morpholine sigmaultra; Morpholine - 2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6 - d8; Tetrahydro - 1, 4 - oxazine; Morpholine 99+ %
EINECS 203-815-1
CAS number :110-91-8
Physical and chemical properties
Folding physical properties
Appearance and properties: colorless oily liquid at room temperature, with ammonia taste.
Melting point (ºC):-4.6
Relative density (water =1):1.00
Boiling point (ºC):128.4
Relative vapor density (air =1):3.0
Molecular formula :C4H9NO
Molecular weight :87.12
Saturated vapor pressure (kPa):0.93(20ºC)
Critical temperature (ºC):346
Pair value of octanol/water partition coefficient :-0.86
Flash point (° C):35
Maximum explosion %(V/V):10.8
Ignition temperature (ºC):310
Lower explosive limit %(V/V):1.8
Solubility: miscible with water, can be miscible in most organic solvents
Folding chemistry
Morpholine contains a secondary amine group and has all the typical reaction characteristics of a secondary amine group. React with inorganic acid to form salt, react with organic acid to form salt or amide, can be alkylated reaction, can also react with ethylene oxide, ketone or Willgerodt reaction.
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