Colorless smoky flammable liquid with a strong pungent odor. Melting point 8.4ºC. Boiling point 100.7ºC, 50ºC (16kPa). The relative density is 1.220 (20/4ºC). Refractive index 1.3714. Flash point (open cup) 69ºC, spontaneous combustion point 601ºC, surface tension 37.58mN/m (20ºC), viscosity 1.784mPa·s (20ºC), critical temperature 308ºC, critical pressure 7.04MPa. Can be miscible with water, ethanol, ether, glycerol, slightly soluble in benzene. It is strongly acidic and a strong reducing agent. At temperatures above 160 ° C it decomposes into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Heat with concentrated sulfuric acid breaks down carbon monoxide. 1. Sodium formate method Carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide solution react at 160-200ºC and 2MPa pressure to produce sodium formate, and then acid hydrolysis by sulfuric acid, distillation to obtain the finished product. 2. Methanol carbonyl synthesis (also known as methyl formate method) Methanol and carbon monoxide react in the presence of sodium methanol as a catalyst to form methyl formate, and then hydrolysis to form formic acid and methanol. Methanol can be recycled into the methyl formate reactor, and then the formate can be rectified to obtain products of different specifications. 3. Formamide method Carbon monoxide and ammonia react in methanol solution to form formamide, and then hydrolyze formic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid, while producing ammonium sulfate as a by-product. Raw material consumption quota: methanol 31kg/t, carbon monoxide 702kg/t, ammonia 314kg/t, sulfuric acid 1010kg/t. In addition, butane and dinnerless light oil oxidation method is mainly used to produce acetic acid, formic acid as a by-product recovery, in the research stage of the method of direct synthesis of carbon monoxide and water.
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