Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a sulfur-containing organic compound, the molecular formula is (CH3)2SO, at room temperature is colorless odorless transparent liquid, is a hygroscopic flammable liquid. With high polarity, high boiling point, good thermal stability, aprotic, and water miscible characteristics, can dissolve in ethanol, propanol, benzene and chloroform and other most organic matter, known as "universal solvent".
Physicochemical property
Colorless viscous liquid. It is hygroscopic. It can be miscible with water, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, pyridine, ethyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dioxane and aromatic compounds, and insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons other than acetylene.
When dimethyl sulfoxide is in contact with acyl chloride, such as cyanuryl chloride, benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, benzoioioyl chloride, thionyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, etc., intense exothermic decomposition reaction occurs. It combines with nitric acid to form (CH3)2SO·NHO3.
1. Colorless liquid, flammable, almost odorless, with bitter taste. The product is a highly polar organic solvent, can be mixed with water in any proportion, in addition to petroleum ether, can dissolve general organic solvents. At 20ºC can absorb hydrogen chloride 30%(weight); Nitrogen dioxide 30%(weight); Sulfur dioxide 65%(weight). Strong hygroscopic, at 20 ° C, when the relative humidity is 60%, it can absorb 70% of its own weight from the air. The product is a weak oxidizing agent, and the non-aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide is non-corrosive to metals. To iron when hydrated; Metals such as copper are corrosive, but not aluminum. Stable to alkali. Heating in the presence of acid produces a small amount of methyl mercaptan; Formaldehyde; Dimethyl sulfur; Mesylate and other compounds. There is decomposition phenomenon at high temperature, and it can react violently in the case of chlorine, burning in the air and emitting a light blue flame.
Chemical properties: Reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide to methyl sulfide. Oxidized to dimethyl sulfone by strong oxidant;
2. When dimethyl sulfoxide is in contact with acyl chloride such as cyanuryl chloride, benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, benzoyl iodide chloride, thionyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, etc., intense exothermic decomposition reaction occurs. It combines with nitric acid to form (CH3)2SO·NHO3. Dimethyl sulfoxide can be regenerated by interaction with barium carbonate. React with concentrated hydroiodic acid to form dimethyl sulfur compound.
3. Dimethyl sulfoxide has water absorption and needs to be dried before use.
Basic use
At the same time, chromium chloride, manganese chloride and other transition metal halides and potassium chloride, sodium chloride and other halides have a certain solubility in DMSO, so they can be used in organic electrochemistry.
Dimethyl sulfoxide is widely used as a solvent and reaction reagent, especially as a processing solvent and drawing solvent in acrylonitrile polymerization, as a polyurethane synthesis and drawing solvent, as a synthetic solvent of polyamide, polyimide and polysulfone resin, and as a solvent for aromatics, butadiene extraction and synthesis of chlorofluoraniline.
DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide and has a wide range of uses. Used as a solvent for acetylene, aromatics, sulfur dioxide and other gases and as a spinning solvent for acrylic fibers. It is a very important aprotic polar solvent soluble in both water and organic solvents. It is highly permeable to the skin and helps the drug penetrate into the human body. It can also be used as an additive to pesticides. It's also a very important chemical agent.
DMSO is also a osmotic protective agent, which can reduce the freezing point of cells, reduce the formation of ice crystals, reduce the damage of free radicals to cells, and change the permeability of biofilms to electrolytes, drugs, poisons and metabolites.
However, studies have shown that DMSO has a certain toxic effect, which interacts with protein hydrophobic groups, leading to protein denaturation, and has vascular toxicity and hepatorenal toxicity.
DMSO has a certain toxic effect, when using to avoid its volatilization, to prepare 1%-5% of ammonia water for backup, after the skin with a lot of water and dilute ammonia wash.
The most common are nausea, vomiting, skin rashes, and garlic, onion, and oyster smells on the skin and in exhaled breath.
Inhalation: High volatile concentrations may cause headache, dizziness and sedation.
Skin: Can burn the skin and make the skin tingle, as seen in rashes and blisters. Dimethyl sulfoxide produces a thermal reaction if it comes into contact with hydrated skin. Avoid contact with dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing toxic raw materials or substances, because its toxicity is not known, but dimethyl sulfoxide may penetrate the skin, under certain conditions will bring toxic substances into the skin.
Absorption: Absorption risk is very low.
Fold edit this paragraph for industrial use
Dimethyl sulfoxide is a very important aprotic polar solvent soluble in both water and organic solvents. Widely used as a solvent and reaction reagent, with high selective extraction capacity. Dimethyl sulfoxide itself has anti-inflammatory analgesic, diuretic, sedative and other effects, in the pharmaceutical industry can be directly used as the raw material and carrier of some drugs. It is known as a "cure-all" and is often added to medicines as an active component of pain relief drugs.
1, used for aromatic extraction, resin and dye reaction medium, acrylic fiber polymerization, drawing solvent, etc
2, can be used as organic solvent, reaction medium and organic synthesis intermediates. Extremely versatile. This product has high selective extraction ability, used as acrylic resin and polysulfone resin polymerization and condensation solvent, polyacrylonitrile and acetic acid fiber polymerization drawing solvent, alkane and aromatics separation extraction solvent, used in aromatics, butadiene extraction, acrylic fiber spinning, plastic solvent and organic synthetic dyes, pharmaceutical and other industries reaction medium. In medicine, dimethyl sulfoxide has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and has strong permeability to the skin, so it can dissolve some drugs, so that such drugs can penetrate into the human body to achieve therapeutic purposes. Using this carrier property of dimethyl sulfoxide, it can also be used as an additive to pesticides. Adding a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide to some pesticides helps the pesticide penetrate into the plant to improve its efficacy. Dimethyl sulphoxide can also be used as a dyeing solvent, stain remover and dyeing carrier of synthetic fibers, and can also be used as an absorber for recovering acetylene and sulfur dioxide, synthetic fiber modifier, antifreeze, capacitive media, brake oil, rare metal extractor and so on.
3, used as an analytical reagent and gas chromatography fixed liquid, but also used as a solvent in ultraviolet spectral analysis
4, transdermal accelerator. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DSO) is one of the earliest transdermal osmotic accelerators, which may be related to its solvent properties. Dimethyl sulfoxide can denature proteins in keratinocytes. It can destroy the orderly arrangement of lipids between stratum corneum cells. It can remove cuticle lipids and lipoproteins and enhance the penetration of drugs, but when using high concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide, the skin will produce erythema, blisters and irreversible damage, which has been banned in the United States. The commonly used concentration is 30%-50%.
5. Antifreeze. The freezing point of pure dimethyl sulfoxide is 18.45 ºC, and the dimethyl sulfoxide with 40% water is not frozen at 60ºC, and the dimethyl sulfoxide is hot when mixed with water and snow. Therefore, it is convenient to make automotive antifreeze, brake oil and hydraulic fluid components. Ethylene glycol antifreeze is no longer suitable at a low temperature of more than -40 ° C, and has a lower boiling point than dimethyl sulfoxide, which is toxic and easy to produce gas resistance. Dimethyl sulfoxide antifreeze is used in cars and tanks in the northern cold areas, and can be supplemented with snow instead of water at any time. Dimethyl sulfoxide is also used in deicing agents, coatings, anti-freeze of various latex, gasoline, aviation antifreeze, bone marrow, blood, organ low temperature preservation of antifreeze.
Collapse edit the storage method of this paragraph
1. The product should be sealed in a cool and dry place and kept away from light.
2. The product is packaged in aluminum drums, plastic drums or glass bottles. Store in a cool, ventilated and dry place, and store and transport according to the provisions of flammable and toxic substances.
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Physicochemical property
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